Transnistria. Information.
TRANSNISTRIA, (Pridnestrovskaya Moldavskaya Respublika, PMR) is a region of the Republic of Moldova in Eastern Europe. The unrecognised state has been de facto independent from Moldova since September 2, 1990, when it made a declaration of independence and, aided by contingents of Russian, Cossack and Ukrainian volunteers, and the 14th Russian (formerly Soviet) Army, successfully defeated Moldovan forces, in the War of Transnistria. While a ceasefire has held since 1992, the Council of Europe recognises Transnistria as a "frozen conflict" region. The sovereignty of Transnistria is an issue of contention. Transnistria continues to claim independence and maintains sovereignty over its territory. Area - 4 163 sq. km. Population - 555,347 . Capital - Tiraspol The first settlement, Tyras, was an ancient Greek colony of Miletus, probably founded about 600 BC, situated on the mouth of the Dniester river (Tyras) near today's Tiraspol. In the early Middle Ages, Transnistria was populated by Slavic tribes and Turkic nomads. It was part of Kievan Rus' at times, and a formal part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 15th century. In 1792 it became part of the Russian Empire Transnistria first became autonomous in 1924 with the proclamation of the Moldavian ASSR which included today's Transnistria as well as parts of Ukraine, but none of Bessarabia. The Moldavian SSR, which was organised by a decision of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on 2 August 1940, was formed from a part of Bessarabia taken from Romania on 28 June, following the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact and a part of the Moldavian ASSR which is roughly equivalent to present-day Transnistria. In 1941, after Axis forces invaded Bessarabia in the course of the Second World War, they advanced over the Dniester river. By March 1943, a total of 185,000 Ukrainian and Romanian Jews had been deported and murdered under Romanian and German occupation of Transnistria. The Soviet Union regained the area in 1944. Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of perestroika in the Soviet Union allowed the political liberalisation at the regional level in 1980s. On 2 September 1990, the Moldovan Republic of Transnistria was unilaterally proclaimed as a Soviet republic by the "Second Congress of the Peoples' Representatives of Transnistria". The War of Transnistria involved armed clashes on a limited scale that broke out between the Transnistrian separatists and the Moldovan police as early as November 1990 at Dubasari. On 2 March 1992, Moldovan President Mircea Snegur authorized military action against Transnistria. Fighting intensified throughout 1992 until a ceasefire was signed on 21 July 1992 which has held ever since. The OSCE is trying to facilitate a negotiated settlement. Under OSCE auspices, on 8 May 1997, the Moldovan President Petru Lucinschi and the Pridnestrovian president Igor Smirnov, signed the "Memorandum on the principles of normalizations of the relations between the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria" also known as "Primakov Memorandum", sustaining the establishment of legal and state relations although the memorandum's provisions had diverging legal and political interpretations in Chisinau and Tiraspol. In May 2005, the Ukrainian government of Viktor Yushchenko proposed a seven-point plan by which the separation of Transnistria and Moldova would be settled through a negotiated settlement and free elections. Money system: 1 Transnistrian ruble (TR)
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